Effect of Foot Orthoses on Angular Velocity of Feet.

There is some uncertainty regarding how foot orthoses (FO) affect the biomechanics of the lower extremities during running in non-injured individuals. This study aims to describe the behavior of the angular velocity of the foot in the stride cycle measured with a low-sampling-rate IMU device commonly used by podiatrists. Specific objectives were to determine if there are differences in angular velocity between the right and left foot and to determine the effect of foot orthoses (FO) on the 3D angular velocity of the foot during running. The sample was composed of 40 male adults (age: 43.0 ± 13.8 years, weight: 72.0 ± 5.5 kg, and height: 175.5 ± 7.0 cm), who were healthy and without any locomotor system alterations at the time of the test. All subjects use FO on a regular basis. The results show that there are significant differences in the transverse plane between feet, with greater differences in the right foot. Significant differences between FO and non-FO conditions were observed in the frontal and transverse planes on the left foot and in the sagittal and transverse planes on the right foot. FO decreases the velocity of the foot in dorsi-plantar flexion and abduction and increases the velocity in inversion. The kinematic changes in foot velocity occur between 30% and 60% of the complete cycle, and the FO reduces the velocity in abduction and dorsi-plantar flexion and increases the velocity in inversion-eversion, which facilitates the transition to the oscillating leg and with it the displacement of the center of mass. Quantifying possible asymmetries and assessing the effect of foot orthoses may aid in improving running mechanics and preventing injuries in individuals.

IMU-Based Effects Assessment of the Use of Foot Orthoses in the Stance Phase during Running and Asymmetry between Extremities.

The objectives of this study were to determine the amplitude of movement differences and asymmetries between feet during the stance phase and to evaluate the effects of foot orthoses (FOs) on foot kinematics in the stance phase during running. In total, 40 males were recruited (age: 43.0 ± 13.8 years, weight: 72.0 ± 5.5 kg, height: 175.5 ± 7.0 cm). Participants ran on a running treadmill at 2.5 m/s using their own footwear, with and without the FOs. Two inertial sensors fixed on the instep of each of the participant's footwear were used. Amplitude of movement along each axis, contact time and number of steps were considered in the analysis. The results indicate that the movement in the sagittal plane is symmetric, but that it is not in the frontal and transverse planes. The right foot displayed more degrees of movement amplitude than the left foot although these differences are only significant in the abduction case. When FOs are used, a decrease in amplitude of movement in the three axes is observed, except for the dorsi-plantar flexion in the left foot and both feet combined. The contact time and the total step time show a significant increase when FOs are used, but the number of steps is not altered, suggesting that FOs do not interfere in running technique. The reduction in the amplitude of movement would indicate that FOs could be used as a preventive tool. The FOs do not influence the asymmetry of the amplitude of movement observed between feet, and this risk factor is maintained. IMU devices are useful tools to detect risk factors related to running injuries. With its use, even more personalized FOs could be manufactured.

Relación mecánica entre el bipedismo y la articulación temporo-mandibular (ATM) / No disponible

El autor analiza las anomalías descendentes, ascendentesy mixtas que vinculan a la articulacióntemporo-mandibular (ATM) con el bipedismo.Se describe el equilibrio de la estructura corporalen estática y en dinámica basado en la importanciatanto de las cadenas óseas, como de las cadenasmusculares.Concluyendo que en realidad es durante el movimientodonde se van a producir las alteraciones queafecten a todas las estructuras implicadas(AU)

The author analyzes the descendant, ascendant andmixed abnormalities that relate the temporomandibularjoint (TMJ) with bipedestation.The corporal structure equilibrium, whether in astatic or dynamic position, is described, taking intoaccount the importance of both bones and muscleschains.It concludes that the alterations affecting the mentionedstructures are more likely to happen duringthe movement process(AU)

Primer caso de medición en carga de la articulación mediotarsiana / No disponible

Los autores presentan un sistema para medir lamovilidad de la articulación mediotarsiana en carga.Analizan el movimiento de la articulación mediotarsianay la vinculan a la cadena de movimientode la extremidad inferior mediante un sistema deejes. Hacen una descripción del sistema y de suutilización.Presentan un caso clínico sobre un paciente conantepié en pronación y el modo de medición con elsistema presentado.También presentan la aplicación ortopédica delsistema sobre el mismo caso clínico(AU)

The authors present a system to measure the mobilityof the midtarsal joint in an on-loading position.They analyze the movement of the midtarsal jointand link it to the movement’s chain of the limb thruits system of axis.They make a description of the system and of theway of using it.The authors present a case report about a patientwith a valgus forefoot and the method of measuringit with the system presented.They also present the orthopaedic application of thesystem about the clinical case mentioned(AU)

Cinética de la articulación del tobillo en apoyo unipodal / Kinetics of the ankle joint in unipodal support

El autor propone, en relación a un trabajo publicado con anterioridad sobre el movimiento lineal, marcha, carrera, salto hacia delante, etc. analizar el movimiento cinético de la articulación tibiotarsiana, centrándolo en el desplazamiento de la tibia sobre el astrágalo en apoyo unipodal. Teniendo en cuentaque la articulación del tobillo debe responder de forma automática a dos cuestiones físicas, acumularenergía mediante la flexión dorsal y rotación interna de la tibia, para disiparla después en la extensiónplantar y rotación externa de la tibia. Explica el porque de la forma y función de cada estructura ósea implicada, tróclea astragalina y pilón tibial, y su relación con el movimiento descrito. Da una importancia capital al movimiento axial de la tibia y del peroné. Propone un modelo mecánico diferente a los utilizadoshasta el momento. Concluye el trabajo con la disposición particular de los ligamentos de la articulación tibiotarsiana dispuestos de tal manera que tienen una misión activa en el desplazamiento del astrágalo sobre el calcáneo (AU)